Where the US Economy Will be a Year from Now

The US economy was growing steadily for the ago years. Currently, however, the US is facing challenges pertaining to the economy. Some troubles began to unadorned as early as 2006 when a sharp decline in the ho utilise starts was first observed. The subprime owe crisis occurred. Stock commercialise crashed and garmentors fleed. The stinting slump continued and the dreaded recession occurred. US officially announce it was in recession in December 2008. Deflationary Ho custom Prices in the US one time the economic crisis sets in, households at the scummyer income bracket felt the pinch the most.People with no savings have a bun in the oven no fall back option. They atomic number 18 nonrecreational gold for home mortgages solely currency becomes scarce. Consequently since they are unable to pay the mortgage and their houses get foreclosed. other effect of the deflationary house prices in the US is that foreclosed homes now make upd a growing list of unsold houses eithe r old or new inventories. This pip is more pronounced in certain securities industrys much(prenominal) as urban Florida, California, Nevada, Atlanta and others. The lack of buyers for these houses energise the prices to stabilize or in most cases, they go chain reactor.Once residential securities industrys experience this problem, potential homebuyers strive not commit to buying a house. This is because they want to hold on to their money until the home prices go down to its lowest level. Thereby giving their money a slew of leverage. What can be bought in hundreds of thousands dollars before could be bought in a much lower amount now. With the homebuyers holding on to their money for as long as possible and the house inventory growing by the minute cod to foreclosures, a dilemma ensues.This is the biggest reason why homebuilding industry is the one most bear upon by the economic crisis America is facing today. 2010 Economic Outlook national Reserve Chairman Ben Bernank e announced some advanced news on May 5, 2009 that the three year economic slump the US has been experiencing is showing tell-tale signs of recuperation. He projected that the recession could end late 2009, if US will not experience slide by on credit problems. Bernanke spoke before Congress saying economic indicators are hinting to a possible reanimatey to guards the end of the year. merely the climb out of the proverbial tunnel will be nothing but easy.Bernanke projected that unemployment cases will go even higher even after the recession is over. Unemployment is in reality moot to reach its peak in 2010. Also, growth will be slow. The said forecast is based on the do of the continuous repair of the economic agreement. The government has taken some steps to stall the effects of the crisis like injecting economic stimulus and lowering relate order and the results are now showing. If a relapse occur in the financial situation could drag the economic recoupy efforts down. U. S. parenthood securities industrys have shown a lot of promise recently.The Standard & Poors ergocalciferol index grows to 35 percent since March which indicates that consumer spending has steady and the decline in the housing starts have slowly stopped. Bernankes forecast that US will thole an economic growth at 2 percent in 2010 and 4 percent in 2011. overmuchness economic slack or the plus in amount of idle plant and equipment would have got flash low. Also, the US Central Bank will maintain minimal interest rates for an extended period. Economists recollect that the United States will recover from the recession faster than Europe, due to the supplyeral Reserves quick action on the situation.The International Monetary Fund announced in April 2009 that Europes recession might continue in 2010. Deflation and inflation The deep economic recession felt all over the United States has led to an all-time low in consumer confidence. It has also affected negatively the conf ideing system. These factors have increased the risk of deflation. To counter the deflation risks, policy makers and the Federal Reserve have to adopt measures that are not commonly practiced in order to ward off deflation by increasing the amount of money being circulated. Policy makers had to expand fiscal spending.And the nominated interest rates are currently pegged at almost 0% since December 2008 to ease up credit and its availability. This has saved the country from being on the brink of deflation. But the same solution could create problems later as the huge increase in base-money has caused a number of people to believe that Feds actions could lead to inflation later. Inflation is not a problem as of the moment because households have decreased spending to a minimum and the money are hidden in bank vaults. lavishness economic slack or the increase in amount of idle plant and equipment would also keep inflation at bay.The unused factories and growing unemployment do not pe rmit businesses to increase prices of products and wages of employees. Once economic recovery begins and economic slack levels off, increase in money supply would eventually give course to increase in prices of commodities and wages. To prevent this from happening, the Fed must withdraw the money it has infused to the financial system while in a recession. If the Feds cannot implement this quickly, rampant inflation would ensue. Hyperinflation Hyperinflation occurs when the prices will go up as the currency falls.This is the next challenge that US might face. This dilemma however could contribute to some advantages to the businessmen. merchandising US dollar and Japanese yen the two currencies that will devalue after recession would be highly profitable. Before hyperinflation could go full blast change dollars and yen would bring a lot of money to grapplers. Once dollar value goes down. The value of the dollar sold would probably be double its value during hyperinflation. Effec t of the Dollars Valuation Dollar and Euro currencies are recently on a see-saw battle for supremacy.US dollar declined against the Euro in the past years until recently. The current global economic slump has caused the Euro to devaluate against the US dollar. Should the tide turn in favor of the Euro again, a decline in the US dollar could actually bring some advantages lower dollar could mean more opportunities for export since the favorables being sold from the US are relatively cheaper now compared to the Euros. the discounted US dollar will lead to a foreign enthronisation boom that would eventually slow down enthronisations being poured in the European countries. Decrease external plenty deficitDisadvantages of a declining dollar rate vs Euro going or visiting to Europe would mean paying higher amount for goods and services American importers would pay more for imported goods Rising inflation American credit becomes less attractive to foreign investors Interest rat es will go up to be able to finance budget deficit Countries to Invest In The Euro is not the only currency that is ascent against the US dollar the Australian Dollar, and the Canadian Dollar two hold some promise. The Euro is a good alternative currency to the US dollars for investors.Also, there is a possibility that difference in interest rates in the US and Europe may increase and since returns usually increases along with interest rates, the Euro will so be more profitable to investors. If the devaluation of dollar occurs, countries that hold large amounts of US dollars may shift to using the Euro currrency in their reserves. Some countries have already shifted to Euro reserves such as Russia, Switzerland, the United Arab Emirates and Venezuela. Iran even wants to use Euro in quoting its Oil permute. If this scenario develops what might become of the US economy?One likely scenario is that foreign investors who bought a huge chunk of shares of stocks might sell their shares curiously the S&P 500 stocks. The results could not be certain though because the effects of financial instruments could not be easily determined. Currency levels depend to a large extent on the take in for the countrys currency which is the result of economic activities and interest rate differential. Most likely, US will experience inflation making imports more expensive. On the smart side, this would also decrease external trade deficits which is good for US economy.Foreign investors however will be hesitant to borrow from American banks or financial companies. The Federal Reserve might need to increase interest rates to be able to fund budget deficits which would affect the economy adversely. For those who want to invest in the market for currencies or the foreign exchange market or currency trading there are a number of options available. These include forex futures, currency ETFs, export-benefiting equities as well as precious metals tie in instruments (such as mining stock s). It is good to invest in precious metals. Investing in the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) would also be advisable.BRIC or BRICs is an acronym for the current notably fast growing developing economies Brazil, Russia, India, and China. Goldman Sachs in 2001 declared that the combined economic development in these places could overshadow the economies of the richest countries in the world. There has been ongoing speculations as evidenced by proofs that the BRICs countries are planning to form an alliance to create greater power. Investing in these places therefore would provide a better alternative to US investments since these countries development are greater compared to other countries.Invest wisely by focusing on Indian and Chinese companies that do not rely on American market to be able to buffer fluctuations in the US economy. According to economist Stanley Roach, China will recover faster than the rest of the world. This is because the structure of Chinas economy i s very open. Export and import shares in this country accounts for a very high percentage of the worlds total. The recession certainly affected its export markets negatively. Also, the Chinese government reacted aggressively to the situation and instituted some reforms immediately.According to Roach, Chinas economy will recover more swiftly if the country becomes more assertive in its implementing plans to encourage local private habit at the same time they should find ways to decrease its heavy reliance on exports. Another country that holds a lot of promise would be Canada. Before the recession, Canadas economy reached parity with the US dollar on September 20, 2007. Western Canada particularly is gaining a lot of strides in the economic department. But Eastern Canada hardly lagged behind. Employment rates was at its 30-year-low.Ontario is backed up by its knowledge-based businesses and Torontos investment sector was doing well. Western Canadas economic boom was brought about by the world commodity markets particularly China. The mega-boom conditions in Alberta and Saskatchewan were due greatly to its crude oil reserves in the Oil Sands of Alberta. The reported oil find in Albertas sands deposits is believed to be able to cater to the worlds demand for a century or so. The excitement for the black gold discovery brought about by the move in of billions of dollars in infrastructure has spurred Alberta and Saskatchewan industries.The provinces economic success has trickled down on its neighbors British Columbia and Manitoba as these two cities have experienced mini-booms of their own. This is one particular reason why Canada particularly Alberta and Saskatchewan would endlessly be attractive to investors. Oil commodity is very valuable and would not be greatly affected by recession. The currency movements in the U. S. and Canada have opposite implications when it comes to the effects of general price inflation in both countries. In the U. S. , import price s are climbing because the dollar value is falling. In Canada, it is the opposite.Furthermore, in Canada, the impact of all future organize in commodity prices (which are usually specified in U. S. dollars) will be blunted. With a stronger dollar, however, Canadians need to lower down the prices of goods and services in order to compete with other countries selling same export commodities. Also, Canada needs to address an important inconsistency with the Chinese Yuan. The Yuan, since it floated in mid-2005 has been appreciating versus the U. S. dollar. But it has spiralled down versus the Canadian dollar. The irony therefore is that Chinese goods are getting cheaper in Canada and costlier in the US.Foreign Exchange Market or Currency Market Foreign exchange market or the currency market is all about trading currencies. Even in these difficult times in the economy, there is always one currency or two that is growing. The stock market is in a slump estimable now. It is the currency market that has remained liquid which means it is possible to make money even under sorry times. The US dollar, as a matter of fact, had gone up as the S&P 500 went down. Investors in the currency market have earned a lot of money in the past months. Currency market is one safe investment that most investors.Why does US dollar rise even if US is in recession? This is because during economic recession, investors put thier money where they consider is safer. The stock market is simply too volatile and uncertain at this point. So investors turn to look for the more static options such as the moderate currency market by investing in US Treasuries. US treasury securities are debt financing instruments issued by the US Department of the Treasury. These include four types treasury bills, treasury notes, treasury bonds and treasury inflation protected securities (TIPS).All of these are very liquid and can be traded in a secondary market or the aftermarket. This is the reason why when th e stock market crashed and affright sets in, investors sought the more liquid and safer US treasuries. The surge in demand for US Treasuries buoyed the value of the dollar. Forex markets or FX markets is also another good way to invest money. FX is where one can trade currencies. FX serves to ease trade and investment among international currencies such as US Dollar, UK Pounds, Japanese Yen and other currencies. In this money market, currencies are traded against each other.Forex is the biggest financial market today with more than $3 trillion daily turnover. Speculators market one currency for another in order to gain a profit. Financial traders are drawn to this market because it is available 24 hours daily, five days a week. Forex market can be put in four cities New York, London, Sydney and Tokyo. Investment in foreign exchange can be through in several ways 1). buying curency shares ETFs. The method is similar to buying stock. 2). Open a bank accont with local bank that acce pts foreign currencies. 3). Buy foreign currency from online brokers and 4).Use online forex trading platform such as eToro, iForex and others. In tough times, it is always good to diversify the investment portfolio. The adage dont put all your eggs in one basket proves to be true now more than ever. Since the stock market suffers great losses now, it would be good to offset it with investments that would surely create gains which the US Treasury provides. Since the currency market represented by the US Treasury securities are not associated with the stock market, investing in the currency market would serve as hedge investments and a good way to diversify investment portfolio.

Failure of Thomas Gradgrind (Hard Times by Charles Dickens)

Thomas Gradgrind is a public bereft of any imagination or fancy, and perhaps that is why he is a staunch worshipper in the practicality of the cultivation system. He discards wonderment and regards facts and figures as the ultimate path to learning. In the novel unsaid Times, the author Charles Dickens has sh sustain Gradgrind as an educationist, and hence has portrayed him implementing his views on both his pupils in the school, as good as on his family. He expects his students to engage in nonhing except factual education and brings up his children on the same principle.Fashioning his children on the principle of logic, he wants to make model beings let on of them, which he whitethorn portray to society as examples of a practical nature. But he fails to down the stairsstand the power of gay emotions, or rather their weakness. Ignoring all possibilities of what hope and imagination could bring, into the lives of both himself-importance and others around him, he creates a protect of facts beyond which it becomes very hard for his daughter Louisa and his son tom to see, which they very much come to want. They pee sick of their fathers eminently practical bearings and long to break free from the milieu they are make to live in.Their desires and wishes are so subdued that they are strained to turn to some(prenominal) respite, no takings how little they can get from any source whatever. Despite his efforts to implement his conjecture upon everyone around him, the seed of fancy does not die out in his son and daughter, and is evidently on display in the incident where the siblings are caught peeping in at the fanciful circus which fuels their starved imaginations, but their moment is short lived as they are caught by their eminently practical father who chastises them for their behavior.In his views, their behavior is astonishing, for such(prenominal) practical children are not expected to be seen paying attention to things such as circuses and other such buffoonery. His views, which he holds in such high regards, fail here as it shows that no national how much practicality a person is fed with, even if it is up to the brim leaving no room for any thing belonging to another nature, that prefatory human nature, which is known as, among others, fancy, will find its way through the thickest of books and the toughest of facts, into the minds of human beings, e supererogatoryly those so deprived of it.And it may as well grow their, positively if it is fed, and negatively, in a manner of frustration and despair, if it is not. Such was the case with Gradgrinds children that their fancy was gravely trampled upon and not allowed to grow, that their basic human nature of fancy and imagination took on a negative tone of reading and brought out in them natures far from what might be considered good. Gradgrinds forcing upon them his extreme practicality and factual nature brings out the worst in them, as is often the case with you th exposed to the extremities of human psychology.His daughter Louisa enters into a loveless marriage with the unsympathetic man Bounderby, and becomes an unfeeling and cold person. There is no hope positive within her to help her think about what other prospects might have been open for her whereas Tom goes wide and disembarks on a path unfit for a gentleman of his stature. There is no imagination in his mind whatsoever to suggest to him another course of being other than the one he has been brought up on, which is also the one he detests, and hence, in desperation, he takes to the only other path he sees before him.Gradgrind, having firm belief in the sensibleness of his ideas, extends his educational theory to the orphan child Sissy, who is the estranged child of the circus man Jupe, whom Gradgrind, overcome by pity at realizing her prospects as an un-apprenticed orphan, invites to live in his own house, which he relishes in presenting as an example to Louisa as to what becomes of someone who engages in things which do no appeal to the logical side of man.He provides Sissy with the same logical education he had been fashioning his children and his pupils on, but Sissy is not able to be as practical in nature as her education ought to have made her. She is not able to leave behind her basic nature, one which has bred from a past of reading fairyland tales and enjoying the circus, which Thomas Gradgrind so detests. And it is this past, this quality of nature, which ultimately helps his son to escape a dreadful turn of events. Tom Gradgrind, on the other hand, having received an education factual in nature to the core, and without any experience whatsoever in mattersotherwise, goes off course and unlike his father, becomes a man of lesser standards. He enters into gambling and commits thievery. The education tom receives, which teaches him that self interest must rise above every other, is over-done. As a chair Tom becomes so selfish that he coaxes his si ster Louisa into marrying the rich businessman Bounderby just so that he could mint money for his gambling purposes, and becomes cross with her, when Louisa lands up on the wrong side of her marriage and is not able to fulfill his demands anymore.His sister is distraught at being treated coldly by her pricey brother, as he is the sole love of her life. He is very efficiently able to hide the villainy he commits by playing upon the general suspicion on the poor workman Stephen Blackpool, the suspicion he has facilitated by taking advantage of Stephens gratitude towards his sister and asking to keep watch over the beach on the days leading to the robbery, so that the general doubt would naturally fall on Stephen.Gradgrind is forced to realize the calamity of his theory implemented on his children by the embarrassment he suffers at the pass of his son when Tom junior, after his heist at the bank is at the brink of exposure, is in the affect of escaping but is stopped short by Gra dgrinds old student Bitzer, who has now become a man of utmost practical bend of mind, who places his teachers very theory in his own face.Bitzer is an unyielding man who gives importance to nothing above self interest, which, as he truly states, was taught to him under the school of thought propagated by Thomas Gradgrind himself. He gives no regard to his former educator, stating instead that self interest and practicality is what he has been taught all his life, and that is what he shall practice. Gradgrinds daughter Louisa marries Bounderby solely for the sake of her brother.Neither does she feel anything special towards Bounderby, neither holds anything against him, but agrees to it solely on her brothers suggestion. To her, nothing in her life is expenditure getting excited for, as the extreme practical nature of her upbringing restricts her from thinking about things she couldve mayhap engaged in. Her saying, from time to time, What does it matter? suggests that she is so ja ded of the system she is a part of, that it does not matter to her what goes on around her, and is devoid of all concern.Her upbringing and education has been so weak in supply her with knowledge about human relations of any kind that she is flustered when she is approached by James Harthouse with matters of the heart, and rushes covert to her father as she is clueless about what to do about or make of the situation, thus displaying the failure of Thomas Gradgrinds principles and beliefs on which he has brought his daughter up. This which goes on to show that mans basic temperament cannot be bottled and filed, thus failing his theory of education being profoundly practical.

Advanced Counselling Skills Essay

1. Understand the butt of a serial publication of counseling academic terms. 1.1 Identify the stages of a series of counseling academic terms. A well-structured advise session provides an essential frame massage for both guidance and thickening. Many authors describe the structure of a counselling turn in terms of a come out of the closetset, center of attention phase and contain Jacobs (2004). Gray (2004) give c arens the structure to an artists frame encapsulating a picture stating Just as the frame around a picture serves to lift and contain the material within it, so the structure erected around a counselling arrangement put forwards the utilization the participants argon engaged in. The beginning session is polar for establishing trust, initial vibrancy and boundary make disclosetings. This is draw in more detail in1.2. The middle phase of the session is the working part where the exploration and the work takes place. It involves some or all of the key co unselling skills. The main aims are ensuring using skills that support the node to get deposit modify them to recognise their emotions, thought sufficees and behaviours and reflect on these. It gives space enabling leaf nodes to establish their own change. The final stage is the third stage and is an action phase. It is result of the enhancement of the leaf nodes self-acceptance and the associated internalising of his locus of evaluation. It contains elements of re facet and importantly effective closure for both thickening and counsellor.1.2 Evaluate the importance of an surrender yielding of a series of sessions. The beginning of a session is important to establish trust, rapport and set boundaries. The make out occurs to help establish a passe-partout human relationship. It includes confidentiality, clip, money, complaints and client expectations of the counselling environment. Day and Sparacio (1988) describe this as a joint catch in the midst of the counsello r and client regarding the characteristics, conditions, procedures and parameters of counselling. Establishing a solid professional relationship which is cl first boundaries reduces the chance of conflict in the future sessions. It em occasions the client to feel secure and wanted and protects the counsellor from possible issues such as over money or epoch keeping.Opening sessions drop out for the first positive and professional impression to be made. The client whitethorn feel unsure of the puzzle out and the opening session(s) allows for trust to develop alongside the clients willingness to open up. At the beginning the power is on the side of the counsellor due to knowledge this shifts towards the client through explanation of the process as on that point are no hidden agendas. 1.5 exc social function the importance of working towards the ending of a series of sessions. In person centred counselling the client generally dictates the end point although a counsellor whitetho rn still initiate an endings discussion inviting the clients opinion on this. There are three areas that place be defined in preparing for an ending of sessions. Reviews and restarts and preparation for endingThis is to explain to the client that although the current counselling process counselling is coming to an end it is non necessarily a cure all one- condemnation event. It whitethorn be entered into again later in life or the client may not feel the occupy for future intervention.Reviewing the counselling processThis is to develop and check a clients cognitive understanding of what has transpired. Practical indecisions posed by Bayne (2008) could take the form of How does the client feel about the ending?What has this counselling relationship been like?What has been achieved?What has the client learned to help in the future?What might pass on in the future?Unfinished businessThis is a chance for a client to voice questions or uncertainties that may commence gone unsaid an d focus on short work that still inevitably to be achieved. Both client and counsellor need to be equal to(p) reflect on the ending for themselves, on what has been achieved, and what are their own reactions to an ending. In counselling endings may not go to plan and some clients may end sessions without notice. This could leave the counsellor feeling unsettled that the relationship has not been ended well for both of them. Clients may decide in the middle of a series of sessions the counselling is not for them because its not working or what it beats up is too difficult at that time. Financial or life demands may also stop the client from coming. Some clients may not realise they are ready for the ending and feel rejected by the suggestion this could come from rejections in prior life events and needs attentive handling. This is similar to Egans (1986) model the Three stage framework which lists exploration, understanding and action in sessions.1.3 Explain the purpose and im portance of a working organisation for a series of sessions. A working agreement is important as the counselling relationship is a embrace either as a surreptitious personal therapist or as part of an confidence. There are guidelines and procedures from the British Association of Counselors and Physc differentapists (BACP) and the agency that need to be followed in order to protect the agency, client and counsellor. It is important that a contract is concur and this includes practical(a) considerations such as (money, time, location and frequency of sessions). It empennage also include the model and expressive style of work that the counsellor and client wish to work within. indoors the contract confidentiality is essential to help secure the client and build a sense of trust and professional relationship.This can be explaining how records are kept, watch and permission to share certain information with G.P with or without prior consent from the client. Other practical arr angements may be such as what procedure to follow if the client or counsellor cannot make a session or how they can contact each other or holidays. It is useful to set out what will and wont happen in counselling is so there is a baseline of understanding. This may include issues such as physical proximity and touching. It mayrelate to chance meetings extracurricular of the room and how they could be handled. It can include other sign posting and emergencies contacts if the counsellor is not available. The counsellor can explain his or her role and the expectations of this alongside the role and expectation of the clients such as time keeping and commitment to the process. It can involve the difficulty of endings and developing an agreement with the client if they chose to end the sessions early calls the counsellor for closure on both sides.In conclusion the counselling relationship is based on the counsellors ability to identify the clients expectations and anxiety about the se rvice. To be able to clarify the clients and counsellors ability and limitations of the relationship. Laying the foundations of the contact protects the counsellor and client physically and emotionally and reduces the chances of conflict that could rise the therapeutic relationship. For typeface payments could affect the power relationship betwixt counsellor and client. Without an agreement the client is slight likely to feel secure and take to bed by the counsellor and be more likely to not commit to the full to the therapeutic process.1.4 Explain the purpose and importance of reviewing progress with the client (appraisal).Traditionally assessment is not generally emphasised in the person centred counselling approach as it disrupts the clients from focusing on themselves and working with their feelings, shifting the focus of attention from the client to the counsellor. However, given the nature of the counselling work and contract based work counsellors work within it is ofte n necessary and required by an agency. I personally see assessment as key to gaining insight in to the client and edifice a plan of work. Counselling is a contractual relationship as part of this there needs to be regular review of the work creation undertaken to ensure the goals or conditions established are world met and progress is being made. Assessment according to Gladding (2009) entails the collection of information in order to identify, analyse, evaluate and target the occupations, issues and circumstances of clients in the counselling relationship.This is then used to identify potential work needed, prep interventions and evaluation clients. Assessment is a process in counselling not just a beginning and end event. Brammer (1989) writes on assessment prescribeing the integration of assessment informationrequires a process of developing a description and explanation of the clients problems that will be used as a basis for a therapeutic plan. The therapist is interested in linking the client presenting problems to the client personalised sum of the problem, unique developmental history, family system interactions and formulate explanations that hypothesise about why the client has become diagnostic at this particular timeAt the beginning of a series of sessions time needs to be given over to an initial assessment it can use a number or practical tools such as assessment questionnaires. This, as stated above, can help identify possible areas of work. It can inform to the counsellor that their client requires more specialist help such as complex suffering work and a referral needed. Alongside this an initial assessment may take the following structure and can look for information onCurrent problemsPrevious counselling experienceOccupation, relationship and childrenMedical and wellnessWhy choosing counselling nowWhat to gain form counsellingHistorical information school, upbringing, memories and diversity issues get networksDiscussion on if counse lling is suitable or referral made.Some counsellors add a review into the end of every session this is particularly relevant with short focused based counselling. Evaluation sheets may be used every week as part of NHS contracted work to establish progress or value added for the organisation to justify funding. Reviewing of work may be just once in the middle of a series of sessions for less focus based work as around 8 to 10 sessions. With longer open ended contract whole sessions maybe given over to reviewing. These may use formal evaluation forms such as Clinical Outcome Routine Evaluation forms (CORE) or other methods such as Primary Health Evaluation of Mental Disorders Patient Questionnaire (PHQ-9). It may simply be a session dedicated to discussion over the clients progress overall.Evaluation or assessment, as a process, can be useful to deliver the client the progress they are making. It is essential to relate derriere to the initial question as although counselling may ta ke for been useful, and the client feel better, but has it redressed the clients presenting problem? 1.6 Explain the importance of ensuring the environment is suitable and safe. The space in which the session takes place is important it should be quiet, safe and above all confidential. All distractions such as mobile phones or interruptions should be minimised.It should stay on consistent, comfortable and neutral in design. Both client and counsellor safety in terms of wellness and safety and lone working arrangements should be catered for. Green (2010) describes the importance of the room and lack of personal or religious aspects saying the room is a kind of metaphor for what will take place between you. You the counsellor are going to be fully present, warm and available to the client but you are not going to being other aspects of yourself into the equation.2. be able to conduct a counselling session with a client in an ethical, effective and safe way. 2.1 Open the session, expl aining the working agreement including 2.2 find the session using the following skills and interventions appropriate for the session and the model used. 2.3 End a session appropriately, comm solitary(prenominal) the following where applicable See recording3. Be able to reflect on the counselling session3.1 Evaluate the effectiveness of the opening of the session This session was a continuation of previous sessions the need to open the session effectively and invite the client in still remains. In this session the contract was reviewed including the essentials of time boundaries, confidentiality, student status and ethical framework. In addition to this contract permission was sought to record the session. The contract was shorter than normal and on reflection could eat been delivered slower and given invitation for the client throughout to ask questions. In the opening of the session I invited the client in and to do this briefly reflected and offered a summary of work that had t aken place in the previous sessions. This was to show my attentiveness and show the client they had been construed antecedently and my attention was firmly on them from the outset of the session.3.2 Justify the use of skills used during the sessionAttentiveness and rapport buildingThe rapport with the client had been set in previous sessions and move through this one. This was shown by a short summary at the beginning reflecting on topics from these previous sessions. The client was given an opportunity to bring one of these prior topics or something new to the session with the question I was wondering which avenue you would like to go overmaster today? 3.45Active listeningActive listening is to show the client they are being heard. This is not only through verbal ques and reflecting but also in non-verbal ways. Throughout the session there were nonverbal examples of my attentiveness with nodding and smiling where appropriate and also the Um and Okay comments to encourage the cli ent to continue with their story. Examples of this are at 10.52 after the client I feel like I have to step in and get **** to see it from his perspective. I use them Um instead of inquiring as I sensed there was more to come from the client about this point. They start to question themselves so the nonverbal action was affective.Empathic listeningEmpathy is a way of being not just a professional role or chat skill it is attending to both the physical and psychological and listens to the clients view point. Empathy builds self-confidence and positive regard alongside promotes professionalism. Listening to the client and them feeling held in the session is crucial to allow them the space and security to open up. In this session there were some(prenominal) examples where I show the client they are being heard. This is around 13.30 minutes into the session where I ask the client I wonder what you are left feeling? At 16.10 I ask Where do you see yourself? The client throughout is fo cusing on their partner and their children but not on their own feelings.Effective questioningOpen ended questions allow for the free flow of information, understanding the problem better and allows for rapport building. unlikable questions that only elicit a yes or no elicit the opposite response of closing down the conversation. In the session there are a few open questions such as I wonder what you mean by you know 5.25. This is to try and elicit what the client means in the context. some other example is What does it feel like for you when the tensions going on? The aim is to open up the clients feelings more at that point in their life and gain better understanding.SummarisingMy summary occurs 4 minutes from the end of the session. The client is made aware of this by the statement If I could summarise. The idea being to check the client felt heard and that there was no bits that I had missed from the session as the client should leave feeling heard and valued. The summary wen t over the salient points of the session allowing chance for reflection on the positives that came out of the conversation. The aim being to leave the client with a positive feeling relating to the work that have take for grantede. The client then reflects themselves back about something they have discover about their relationship and how they may look at it differently. At the end the client is thanked and given an invitation to continue this exploration succeeding(a) session. Thus allowing the client time to think before the next session on what they would like to bring. This is to leave the sessions client centred.Focusing and challengingAt 25.29 the client begins to bring in another aspect to the topic. Although potentially relevant there is little time to explore this topic. Focusing allowed for this session to stay on the track it I said We only have a few minutes left of the session. Your Mum has been mentioned in several sessions but Im wondering if we can stay focused on that moment. By focusing the aim was to explore the feeling in more detail and not allow scheme alongside not bringing a new topic when there was no time to fully explore this being so close to the end of a session.ImmediacyThere is a better example of immediacy in the session. It is important as a counsellor to not only hear what the client is saying but also be aware of their body language. At 10.42 I say to the client You gestured with your hands that sense of balance then I reflect on the balance between the children and partner that the client has been talking about.Working at an appropriate pacePacing in this session was good. As a counsellor mine matched that of the clients throughout. This had already been established in the previous sessions although the contract could have been slowed down. The idea is to match the clients pace, obstetrical delivery, tone and speed. A counsellor can use their own tone of pitch to slow the client down if they are running away with their story rather than taking the time to pause and think. Checking understanding with the clientThere were several examples of checking understanding with the client. The first occurred at 3.00 where I asked Would you thought briefly going through. This was seeking clarity of a historical event. The second occurred at 9.00 with the question Remind me how long .. Although covered in a previous session it was important that the time frames being worked with were accurate. The aim being to also focus the client on the actual length of time they have been with their new partner.3.3 Explain why other skills were not used during the sessionManaging silenceThere was no silence in the session this was due to my need to develop this skill. The spaces still feel unnatural and there were several chances where it could have been used. At 23.15 after the client responds they pose their own question What will happen if I dont? I respond Good question what will happen if you dont. At this moment the client should have been given time to think. Instead of this I looked to have the conversation instead of holding the client in that moment and giving them the space. A second example was when the client comments Why am I doing it. I jumped in instead of leaving the space. If the silence had continued beyond the clients reflection then I could have paraphrased this back to them tohighlight their idea at that time. These interruptions potentially could cause the client to get nervous, stop the flow of information or feel intimidated. They could lose confidence in the process and by not feeling heard could prevent communication in the future.ChallengingDuring this session there was a very poor example of challenging where I asked the client Youve spoken about protecting the teenagers I was wondering if it was about protecting your relationship as well. This was about my addenda to find out if there was a link and did not add value to the conversation at that point instead it detract ed from the clients work. An example of missed challenging occurred at 6.39 the client uses the formulate upset(a) four times in a minute. I could have challenged them on what the word worried meant to them as each of us carries our own perception.Working with diversity as it impacts on the sessionWithin this session I sis not bring in diversity. Although working with this client there is usually an element as they are not British born and moved to the UK as an adult. So culturally in terms of relationships and family dynamics there is a possibility of needing to understand the difference. Language has in previous sessions been a barrier with needing to clarify my understanding of how Evaluate the effectiveness of closing the sessionThis session was closed well the client was given a warning that was near the end of time with me saying We only have a few minutes left. They were then offered If I could summarise. The summary covered the main points from the session and allowed th e client to affirm these. It gave opportunity to leave a positive point for the client to think upon to leave them secure after the session. It also opened up the possibility for the topic for the next session allowing them homework of reflection. The client by responding and affirming the summary gave rise to the fact they felt heard in the session. The session was within the time boundaries and the client was thanked for the session. Recognition was given to the next meeting with the client.BibliographyBrammer, L. Shostrom E and Abrego, P. (1989) healthful PsychologyFundamentals in Counselling and Psychotherapy. 5th Ed. New Jersey Prenice Hall. Bayne, R. (2008). The counsellors handbook. Cheltenham, U.K. Nelson Thornes. Day, R.W and Sparacio (1988) Structuring the counselling process in Dryden (2008) Key Issues for Counselling in Action. London SAGE Egan, G (1986) The skilled helper. peace-loving Grove, Calif Brooks/Cole Gray, A (2004) An introduction to the Therapeutic frame, L ondon Routledge Green, J and Claringbull, N. 2010 Creating the therapeutic relationship in counselling and psychotherapy. Exeter Learning Matters Gladding, S.T (2009) Counselling A Comprehensive profession (6th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education. Jacobs M (2004) Psychodynamic Counselling in Action (3rd Edition) London Sage

Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill and the Politics at Play Essay

Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill and the Politics at Play - Essay ExampleThe Associated Press recently published an article on the same, in which they indicated an estimated assess of flow of oil from these Taylor wells at 20 times higher than what previous estimates indicated. In an fire to estimate the impact of this oil spill, Rice observes that there is a significant decrease in the issuing of sperm whales seen in this area, which implies that there is no food within this area for the whales to feed on, hence their disappearance. The justness is that this phenomenon points to the fact that the ecosystem within this area is slowly disappearing, and the few whales often seen are just on a hunting spree.The core of this issue is that while the government seems to be passive about tackling this issue, a colossal chunk of marine life is under threat in the Gulf of Mexico. My concern, as an environmentalist, is not precisely directed to the ocean life, but to the health of the people wh ose lives depend on fishing from the water roughly this place. The economic effects of this pollution are immense. While cleaning this mess would have been cheaper and easier say 10 years ago, the water expanse covered by this spilled oil this far is big, and the value of oil upset to date is also much.Additionally, the studies and results available so far on the effects of this oil spillage is placid a fragment of the actual impact. Complete details about the level of environmental degradation may never get to the public very soon, and the long-term effects on the health of the Gulf are still a mystery.